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Paul Scholes is a former Manchester United midfielder who is known for his long-range cross-field passing and long shooting. Scholes made his debut for United in 1994-95 season and has since, made 676 appearances for Manchester United. Scholes officially announced his retirement from club football on 31st May, 2011 and has become a coach from 2011-12 season onwards.

Scholes signed for Manchester in 199 but could not make an appearance for the first team until the 1994-95 season. He made his debut in a 2-1 victory against Port Vale in the League Cup and scored both the goals. He started a premier league match 3 days later against Ipswich town. United lost the match 3-2 but Scholes scored a goal in that game. He went to score more goals in the following season and making more and more appearances for the club. In 1995-96 season, Mark Hughes left the club and Scholes more first team opportunities. He scored 14 goals in that season as United went on to win a double. In 1998-99 season, Scholes helped United to win the treble. Scholes played against Internazionale in the European Cup quarter finals and scored against Newcastle in the FA Cup final but picked up a yellow card in the semi finals of European Cup and therefore, got suspended and couldn’t start the final.
In 2002-03 season, Scholes netted a career-high 20 goals in all competitions. However, the number dropped to 14 goals next season. Scholes started to suffer from blurred vision and some thought that it might end his career but he went on to play, although not fully recovered. In 2005 FA Cup final, he helped United to reach the FA Cup final, which they lost on penalty shootout against Arsenal as Scholes was the only player to miss a penalty.

In October 2006, Scholes became the ninth United player to play in 500 matches in a 2-0 win over Liverpool. In October 2008, Scholes suffered a ligament injury which kept him out until January 2008. He returned in a 3-1 win over Tottenham Hotspur. In April 2008, he made his 100th Champions League appearance in a 0-0 draw at Barcelona. In the return leg, he scored the only goal of the tie to book a place for Manchester United in the final. In the final against Chelsea, he got substituted and United went on to win 6-5 on penalties. This was Scholes’ 2nd European Cup triumph with United. In December 2008, Scholes said that he will retire from football in 2 years, which he did on 31st May 2011. United arranged a testimonial match as a tribute to his service for the club against New York Cosmos on 2th August 2011. The match ended in a 6-0 United win and Scholes scored the opener, a trademark Scholes goal from 25 yards out.

Scholes has won 10 Premier League titles, 3 FA Cups and 2 Champions League titles for United. He has also represented England in World Cup 1998 and 2002 and in UEFA Euro 2000 and UEFA Euro 2004.

The urge or willingness to complete a task by using the peak level of skill and commitment is known motivation. To define organizational motivation, one could further indulge into this multi phased word. One good definition I found of organizational motivation is as follows

"Motivation is the willingness to exert higher levels of efforts to reach organizational goals conditioned by organization keeping in view the ability to satisfy some individual needs"

Motivation is a key factor in the success of any organization. Managers use motivational factors to get the best out of their work staff. Motivation is a common influencing factor in all human being. The brains of human being are functioned in a way that they are motivated by something. People are motivated by various things. There are many theories of motivation. Many writers have indulged their thoughts into this very interesting topic.

To study the human mind is a very amazing idea. Humans are a unique creation of God. God has created each individual with diverse nature and characteristics. To understand the human"s brain can be a very complex matter. The way humans think does not have a seemingly clear procedure. Moods and emotions play a very important in the way of thinking. Mood is a temporary phase while emotions last a bit longer. The thinking patterns of human vary from time to time. The mental phase one person is in, also makes a very important factor in his or her thinking pattern.

When humans are being studied all these factors have to be taken in consideration. One should not apply generic rules. Each human has their own set emotions and ideas. On these bases they look towards the world. Hence one person"s ideas are not the total solutions for the ills of others. It may or may not apply to others. Hence to study motivation, one has to look at various personalities. Test or experiments on one person does not provide the validation or proof of any theory. Over the years many people have tried studying motivation. Each of these researchers has come up with diverse results. One cannot out rightly reject or accept these theories. Some of the theories are well drafted after careful experiments and tests. Many famous theories are studied by students of management. Some of those theories are as follows

·        Abraham Maslow"s "Maslow hierarchy of needs"

·        Herzberg"s Motivation-Hygiene theory

·        David McClelland"s need theory

All these theories have their advantages. One needs to study carefully before reaching onto any conclusion, besides these theories are generally accepted all over the world. These theories present a solution in providing the ideas and systems that could help a manager in understanding the complex working ways of human minds.